Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

Abstract In this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigation reveals that CTDs have significant effect performance. A classical PID controller employed as secondary regulator its parametric gains are optimized differential evolution - artificial electric field algorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance presented established by comparing various optimization algorithms reported in literature. investigation further extended to integration redox flow batteries (RFBs) interline power (IPFC) tie-lines. Analysis IPFC RFBs coordinated enhances dynamic Finally, robustness proposed methodology validated sensitivity analysis during wide variations parameters load.